The purpose of the study is to propose a mechanism for assessing the competitiveness of an enterprise. The article deals with modern methods of assessing the competitiveness of an enterprise, the existing methods are classified into economic and managerial. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that this paper attempts to form a mechanism for assessing the competitiveness of an enterprise based on the systematization of methods for assessing the competitiveness of an enterprise and the formulated algorithm (...) for their effective application. As a result, it is revealed that with the help of the proposed algorithm, a step-by-step methodological assessment of the competitiveness of the enterprise is carried out and its alternative competitiveness is evaluated. The algorithm allows you to identify the weaknesses of the operation of the enterprise, their causes and ways to eliminate them. (shrink)

Contact algebra is one of the main tools in region-based theory of space. In it is generalized by dropping the operation Boolean complement. Furthermore we can generalize contact algebra by dropping also the operation meet. Thus we obtain structures, called contact join-semilattices and structures, called distributive contact join-semilattices. We obtain a set-theoretical representation theorem for CJS and a relational representation theorem for DCJS. As corollaries we get also topological representation theorems. We prove that the universal theory of CJS and of (...) DCJS is the same and is decidable. (shrink)

The need for innovative development of healthcare institutions is determined by the necessity to increase the efficiency of organizational processes based on the formation of new models of cooperation, which will make it possible to get access to new technologies and knowledge. The goal of the study is to determine the parameters of the impact of innovative open cooperation strategy and the strategy of innovative closed cooperation of healthcare institutions on the effectiveness of their organizational structure in the context of (...) dissemination and the use of knowledge. Simulation modeling was applied to generate the most effective organizational management structure in the context of innovative cooperation and knowledge exchange within the organizational processes “Inside-out” and “Inside-in”. It is substantiated that the strategies of innovative cooperation “Open Innovation/Closed Innovation” have a significant impact on the organizational structure of management of healthcare institutions in terms of the “degree of centralization” (Dci), “degree of mediation” (Dii), and “degree of centralization of powers” (Dpi). The values of the selected criteria range from 25,52% to 61,50% in the case of Dii, and from 34,53% to 52,63% in the case of Dci, which indicates a higher efficiency of organizational knowledge exchange processes in healthcare institutions, which adhere to the Open Innovation strategy of innovative cooperation. Therefore, there are significant differences in the effectiveness of the management’s organizational structure depending on the degree of openness of innovative cooperation of healthcare institutions. The strategy of innovative openness allows increasing the number and quality of connections in the context of knowledge exchange between the subjects (actors, agents) of the organizational structure (in a broad sense, considering internal and external levels of externality) of healthcare institutions, regardless of the distance between them and the level of similarity. (shrink)

In modern conditions the questions of personnel management, including motivation, acquire new meaning. Particularly given the problems relevant to the service sector, where at the beginning of the XXI century employing more than 60% of the workforce in developed countries. These circumstances determine the need for a modern concept of material and immaterial motivation of service industries. Such factors determine the need for the development modern concept of material and immaterial motivation of service industries staff. To obtain indicated objective during (...) research analyzed the existing concepts and paradigm of staff motivation with highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. The results obtained allowed to establish that scientific and expert community does not have the unified approach to the classification and identification of the most effective ones. Special attention is given to modern developments and approaches to the motivation problem. This fact caused the structure of follow studies, including three interlinked vectors: analysis of the essential content of the fundamental concepts in the field of staff motivation; defining features of employee motivation at the enterprises sphere of services; introduction to the key successful international practices which apply by service companies. In general, the results obtained enabled the author’s model of the modern concept of material and non-material motivation at the enterprises the service sector and the corresponding mechanism for the implementation. (shrink)

There are many more philosophical discussions of emotions than of moods. One key reason for this is that emotions are said to have a robust connection to beliefs while moods are said to lack that connection. I argue that this view, though prevalent, is incorrect. It is motivated by examples that are not representative of how moods typically change. Indeed, once we examine the notion of belief-responsiveness and look at a wider range of examples, we can see that moods are (...) belief-responsive and can be evaluated for appropriateness along a number of dimensions. Moreover, for all cases in which moods seem to be disconnected from beliefs, I argue that there are analogous cases for emotions. In other words, the connection between moods and beliefs on the one hand and the connection between emotions and beliefs on the other are, in fact, very similar. This means that not only should we take belief-responsiveness to be a core feature of moods but also potentially pursue a unified theory for why moods and emotions would have this connection to belief. (shrink)

Розглядаються питання духовних основ права, до яких можна віднести етичні емоції. Аналізується внутрішня психологічна складова права і зовнішня соціальна складова та їх взаємодія і поєднання. Особлива увага приділяється природі етичної емоції, її ролі і значенні для права і моралі у концепції Л. Петражицького.

The notion of contact algebra is one of the main tools in the region-based theory of space. It is an extension of Boolean algebra with an additional relation C, called contact. Standard models of contact algebras are topological and are the contact algebras of regular closed sets in a given topological space. In such a contact algebra we add the predicate of internal connectedness with the following meaning—a regular closed set is internally connected if and only if its interior is (...) a connected topological space in the subspace topology. We add also a ternary relation \ meaning that the intersection of the first two arguments is included in the third. In this paper the extension of a Boolean algebra with \, contact and internal connectedness, satisfying certain axioms, is called an extended contact algebra. We prove a representation theorem for extended contact algebras and thus obtain an axiomatization of the theory, consisting of the universal formulas, true in all topological contact algebras with added relations of internal connectedness and \. (shrink)

A key feature of economic transition in Russia has been the demoralization of men at the lower end of the labor market. Rather than focusing on the labor market directly, this article looks at how men’s position within the household influences their ability to deal with their employment difficulties. Men’s main role within the household is as primary breadwinners, and there are few other tasks in the urban Russian household that are seen as masculine. Using longitudinal qualitative data, the authors (...) argue that men who are unable to perform as breadwinners have their labor market problems compounded by a damaging domestic marginalization. (shrink)

Willingness and readiness of people to do their jobs are among the key factors of a successful enterprise. In XXI century intellectual human labour is gaining unprecedented value and is being developed actively. The demand for intellectual labour calls forth an increasing number of jobs and professions that require an extensive preparation, a large number of working places, high level of integration of joint human efforts, growth of social welfare. These trends are becoming ever more pervasive and are spreading widely (...) in service industries, and that explains the rapid development of the latter when compared to the traditional areas of human activity. In its turn, it heightens the need for staff in service companies, supported by significant personnel turnover and a certain shortage of skilled professionals. These circumstances determine the need for developing a new concept of fostering staff motivation at the enterprises in the sphere of services. In order to reach the stated purpose while conducting our research into tourism and hospitality industry, as well as retail chains, we have examined the problems that arise in the process of staff motivation, and studied the foreign practice of motivating staff in hotels. The obtained analysis results enabled us to work out practical recommendations on improvement of the mechanism of tangible and intangible rewards in service companies, which are based on external and internal motivational factors. Additional attention in the article is paid to the statement that financial incentives should be based on key performance indicators (KPI). We give a detailed consideration to the classification of internal motivation incentives of the staff according to the terms of their realization, and give a schematic representation of the performance dynamics of the internal motivation model in service businesses. (shrink)

We regularly talk about music as if it has moods or, at least, expresses moods. However, the relationship between psychological and musical moods remains mysterious. Music doesn’t have feelings, so how could it have moods? To make up for that, many philosophers have provided theories of expression that don’t rely on music actually possessing anything mood-like. In this paper, I argue that if we take seriously an account of psychological moods that includes patterns of attention as part of the mood (...) itself, we can explain how music can, in fact, have moods; namely, by having a structure that resembles the structure of a mood. I then explain how this not only solves the puzzle of how music expresses moods but also helps us explain how we interact with musical moods. (shrink)

The article presents literary, sociological and cultural points of view on the problem of the literary canon, describes the mechanisms of canonization and defines the boundaries of the Russian classics. The author discovers a connection between the texts claiming the status of the canonical hierarchy and the question of ethnicity. The article establishes that the construction of both a national self-portrait and the image of a foreigner (the Other) are the most important functions of the classical canon. The object of (...) this research is a unified discursive field of Russian classical literature. The subject is the generalized image of the German that forms in this field. The author, resorting references to current research practices of discourse analysis, establishes that the portrait of a German is based on such conceptual categories as: 1) the connection with the soil and nature, 2) the connection with roots, 3) reliance on reality and "mundanity", 4) planning, 5) positivism and subordination, 6) perception of life as a mechanism. The construction of the Other creates an opposition to the "Russian" in the structure of the classical text and builds a series of binary pairs: heredity / freedom, stability on the ground / ability to jump, clear planning / dreaminess, legalism / Paschality, self-aggrandizement / self-abasement, godlessness / Orthodoxy. The article reveals that the German hero acts as a constituent of the Other, provoking self-determination and self-identification. (shrink)

The purpose of the study is to analyze the phenomenon of communicative barriers in the context of phenomenological and hermeneutic representations, to identify the main semantic causes of the formation of conflict barriers inherent in the communicative consciousness. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the phenomenon of communicative barriers is considered in the context of the ontological foundations of communication interaction, the semantic aspects of the barriers of misunderstanding, their role in the historical and social (...) development of consciousness are analyzed. The combination of phenomenological and hermeneutic approaches creates justifications for revealing the causal - target orientation of communication dynamics. In this regard, the dialectical essence of communication barriers is pointed out. As a result, the conclusion is made about the creative role of communicative barriers in the development of human consciousness, culture and social existence. (shrink)

The article reveals the problems of listening comprehension in a foreign-language audience, in particular, by students who are non-native speakers. The theoretical part is a brief characteristic of listening as a type of speech activity: the content of the term, its internal components – the psychophysiological mechanisms involved, the difficulties associated with them. In the practical part the authors of the article demonstrate exercises from the purposefully developed lesson on the removal of difficulties in the perception of sounding speech in (...) non-native speakers children of middle school age, consisting in the systematic development of mechanisms of listening comprehension. Based on the analysis of the experimental lesson, solutions for systematic and consistent work in the classes within the additional remedial course in the Russian language in order to prevent errors and difficulties, as well as to facilitate the process of listening comprehension are proposed. (shrink)

Сьогодні стан розвитку філософії часто характеризують як «криза раціональності». Пов’язане це перш за все з тим, що як вважають деякі дослідники раціональні методи пізнання не вирішують філософських проблем і направлені цілком на таку ж раціональну реальність якою не є сучасний світ. Постає питання про виправданість у класичній філософії та науці панування раціональних методів пізнання. Але питання не лише у цьому, важливо говорити про те, що сьогодні ми розуміємо під раціональністю. Чи йде мова про відхід від раціональності, чи про її нові (...) форми, прояви, виміри щодо дослідження феноменів. Метою даного дослідження є виявлення раціональних аспектів нормативної поведінки у філософії І. Канта. Розглядаючи це питання необхідно звернутися до обґрунтування раціональності нормативності класиком філософської думки, застосовуючи методологію безпосередньо І. Канта та іншу. До методів дослідження відносяться: співпадіння історичного і логічного, компаративний аналіз, методологічний принцип додатковості та ін. Дослідження феномену нормативної поведінки у філософії І. Канта показує важливість принципу раціональності, обов’язку, свободи в аналізі такого важливого явища як соціальна поведінка. Від того яким чином людина визначає підстави нормативності залежить яким чином вона буде діяти: підпорядковувася чи не підпорядковуватися ним, як вона буде реалізовувати своє соціальне буття. (shrink)

This article is devoted to a phenomenological analysis and interpretation of the basic concepts involved in phenomenology. The first concept that deserves our attention is that of “apodicticity” along with the related concept of “apodictic evidence”. The next concept is that of “correlation,” which manifests its apodictic character in bringing together all transcendental facts. With the transition from traditional discourses to modern discourse, the concept of apodicticity continues to deepen; at the same time, it is accepted that some metaphysical presuppositions (...) continue to lurk at the foundation of this concept. Apodicticity, as the principle of knowledge, is an idea that lies in the infinity of universal experience, which includes both agreed and mismatched moments. This mismatch, in turn, refers to correlative connections between the transcendental Ego, the world and intersubjectivity. Transcendental subjectivity has a correlative nature, which is due to its self-transcending character, resulting in gaps and distinctions being found within subjectivity. (shrink)

Стрімкий інформаційний розвиток суспільства потребує свого філософського осмислення. Право у суспільстві з одного боку, є активним фактором його змін, що відображає найважливіші соціальні процеси, а з іншого боку, у сенсі своєї глибинної онтології, як природне право залишається незмінним і несе у собі головні соціальні цінності. Актуальним для соціальної філософії і у той же час проблемним на сьогодні залишається не лише питання поняття права, а й визначення його позитивної і інтуїтивної складових, як вони співвідносяться між собою, як разом формують уявлення про (...) право. Ціллю статті є визначити що є позитивна і інтуїтивна складова права і яким чином вони складають поняття права та їх значення для сучасної соціальної філософії. Підхід Л. Петражицького до права характеризується своєю неординарністю, яка полягає не лише у спробі пояснення права з психологічної точки зору, а перш за все у тому, що у нього відбувається аналіз не лише позитивного права, як найчастіше буває у юридичній літературі, а права як філософської категорії взагалі, як цілісного психологічного і соціального явища, що включає в себе і інтуїтивні моменти права. (shrink)

The article considers franchising as a tool for market penetration and presence on it and also provides its main advantages, in tourism and hospitality sector in particular; examines the role of franchising for tourism enterprises within the contemporary economic system; pays attention to organizational culture as a factor of franchising development in the travel industry ("TUI GROUP" case study). On the basis of employee survey the key problems are revealed associated with neglecting the importance of organizational culture formation and recommendations (...) on overcoming these problems are offered. (shrink)

The question of whether it is possible to philosophize outside the categories of rationalist philosophy is not limited to methodology. It has ideological overtones. Namely, the rationalism that has developed in philosophy in modern times, after Descartes, is inevitably supplemented by mechanics. The world is seen as a machine, the living is reduced to mechanisms. Rationalism becomes a machine of mentality. Taking it as a model of normal thinking, giving it a universal value, we thereby impose Western way of thinking (...) on other cultures with a different mentality. The question, therefore, is not about the method of scientific knowledge but about the power realized through the transformation of mentality. Scientific knowledge conquers space. Philosophy produces a transformation of mentality. New rationalism, according to G. Bachelard, is in dialectical relation with the usual realism of the natural Sciences. In this process, there is the implementation of new schemes developed in the complex interaction of “ratio” and experiment. Modern science is the collective creation of a new reality. This is the reality of the “picture of the world.” There is another view of science, rationalism and modern philosophy. According to him, rationalism is dualism, atomism and social individualism. These features reveal the anti-traditional and anti-metaphysical spirit of modern Western civilization. The traditional approach is non-duality, unity provided by metaphysical principles. The new rationalism in science is characterized by the belief in the infinite progress of knowledge. But knowledge itself, from the point of view of tradition, is devoid of great value. Philosophy uses categories of ancient Greek philosophy or German classical philosophy, but they cannot be considered universal. They corresponded not only to the time and place, the conditions in which they arose, but also to the characteristic mentality of the peoples and individuals who created them. They are not suitable for understanding the metaphysical doctrines of traditional cultures. The language of traditional cultures is symbolic and synthetic in contrast to the analytical language of Western science and philosophy. (shrink)

Розглядається об’єктивний дух і основні його визначення, які зазначені у роботі Г.В.Ф.Гегеля «Енциклопедія філософських наук». Особлива увага приділяється формам розвитку об’єктивного духу.

Досліджується філософсько-правова проблематика Г.В.Ф. Гегеля на початковому етапі розвитку об’єктивного духу – абстрактному праві, виникнення і розвиток правосвідомості, роль і статус власності.

Досліджуються питання свободи і рівності у філософії Г.В.Ф.Гегеля. Особлива увага приділяється визначенню й аналізу цих категорій в генезисі філософських поглядів мислителя.

Розглядаються мораль і право як етичні емоції у їх загальності, спільних характеристиках. Аналізуються питання етичної свідомості, сутності моралі і права, їх природи у відповідності до психологічного підходу Л. Петражицького. Розкриваються особливості морального і правового емоційного життя людини і суспільства разом з йогоінтелектуальністю.

Розглядаються питання виникнення і розвитку психологічного підходу до права. Особлива увага приділяється специфічним теоретико–методологічним принципам засновника цього некласичного підходу Петражицького Л.Й. Показаний емоційний аспект таких важливих елементів соціального і індивідуального життя як право і мораль.

Розглядаються питання логічного у праві, проводиться аналогія між філософією права Гегеля і його логікою. Право підлягає комплексному науковому аналізу виходячи з загальних підстав гегелівської філософії.

В діяльності людини мета має велике значення, оскільки вона задає вектор руху людського життя на тому чи іншому його етапі. Життя взагалі можна розглядати як процес реалізації мети, яка має актуальність, є ієрархічною і задає сенс. Дослідження проблеми мети людської діяльності є важливим як аспект діяльності соціальної, що впливає на соціальне буття, соціальні відносини. А в умовах все більшого ускладнення суспільства питання про мету виходить на перший план, оскільки взаємодія загальної і індивідуальної мети теж ускладнюється, особливо в плані мотивації щодо (...) дії, поведінки. Проблема мети розглядається у даному дослідженні не як проблема мети філософії, а як проблема індивідуального і соціального буття, саме як проблема людської поведінки. Це зауваження є важливим тому, що телеологічність філософського знання відноситься до вічної філософської проблеми початку і кінця, вічних цінностей, сенсу людського буття, Бога. У цьому плані можна погодитися зі стоїками, які виділяли кінцеву мету і просто мету. (shrink)

Розкриваються питання початку розвитку права, того етапу, коли воно по суті носило скоріше заборонний характер, тільки розпочинало складний рух до свого поняття у філософії Гегеля.

The author shows that the search for new, non-classical forms of rationality is a symptom of the crisis of systematicity in human existence. Rationalism is a worldview correspondence to systemic human existence, and the limits of rationalism coincide with the limits of systematicity. Referring to postmodern philosophy, the author proves that human existence is not limited to systematicity. The scientific scope of the general, the ratio, is inferior to other horizons – aesthetic, moral, mystical, etc. culture-building existence has now declared (...) itself as the only truly human, supersystemic being-in-freedom, whose logic is not limited to rationality. The crisis of rationality has led to an understanding of man as not needing any guidance, and the highest manifestation of his unlimited freedom is his own uncaused self-restraint. (shrink)

The authors of the article analyze the phenomenon and symbol of hope in the philosophical views of Pascal and Seneca in terms of the invariance of the content against the background of social transformations. Through the distinction between hope-phenomenon and hope-symbol, the authors conclude that establishing a connection between the phenomenon of hope and the main categories of time makes it possible to trace the theological orientation in Pascal's views and Epicureanism in Seneca's teachings. The primary importance for Seneca of (...) the problem of "death" as an alternative to "hope" is completely denied by Pascal in his reflections on sin, salvation of the soul, good, freedom, beauty, will, virtue and love (both God's and man's). The authors prove that the ideas of rationalistic reflection and the transcendence of the phenomenon of hope can be considered as a basis for contrasting the philosophical systems of Seneca and Pascal. (shrink)

Introduction. Modern times are characterized by independence from financial support for travel due to introducing an ordinary region with its daily surrounding into tourist circulation, focusing not on distance, but on the depth of emotions when choosing a place to visit. The aim of the study is to assess the factors of transforming the tourist environment in a region, which might result in a number of challenges for managing the regional development. Methods. In the framework of the study, both general (...) logical methods and empirical methods are used. In particular, the analysis of approaches to managing a tourist region in the post-tourism era, as well as new tourist practices are based on classification and periodization. When choosing the factors of the tourist region new format, the case method and comparison were applied. The scientific novelty of the study. The authors substantiate that the new era will be determined by changes in the labor–leisure ratio, new tourist practices and new tourist region format. The new tourist region format involves a transition to understanding the tourist as a temporary resident of the region and actualizes the need for coexistence. Results. The state of post-tourism for such a region may be due to the emergence of new residentsowners of second homes and business migrants, as well as the social effect of deliberate tourism practices. The competition of such regions is based on intangible resources. The factors of transforming the tourist environment made it possible to give a new look at assessing the effectiveness of an event for the territory. The authors propose threshold values that will allow making decisions on the co-financing of the event from the regional or local budget. Conclusions. Hybridization of tourism and leisure does not provide a complete answer about a possible reduction in work hours, however, indicates a short-term leisure mobility of individuals. New tourism practices are based on awareness and desire to increase self-efficacy. Such transformations open up new opportunities for the territory development. (shrink)

We define an automata-theoretic counterpart of grammars based on the Lambek-calculus L, a prominent formalism in computational linguistics. While the usual push-down automaton has the same weak generative power as the L-based grammars , there is no direct relationship between the computations of a PDA for some language L and the derivations of an L-based grammar for L. In the Lambek-automaton, on the other hand, there is a tight relation between automaton computations and grammar derivations. The automaton exhibits a novel (...) mode of operation, using hypothetical steps, directly inspired by the hypothetical reasoning embodied by L. (shrink)

The article describes the future primary classes teachers preparation model for designing educational content. The model is presented as a set of four interrelated blocks: target, conceptual, content and technological. The model is based on the essence and components study of pedagogical university students readiness to design educational content.

Тема проблематики буття гуманітарних наук у контексті розвитку інформаційного суспільства є надзвичайно актуальною, так як кожна молода людина хоче оволодіти проблематикою смислу життя, його наповнення смислами, які треба пояснити простими словами. Проблематика філософії в гімназії інтегрує окремі гуманітарні дисципліни і дає ґрунтовний виклад основних проблем життя. Деякі теми доповнені тематичними царинами естетики, антропології, філософії історії, філософії права і держави, філософії природи і техніки, філософії релігії. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій – ми спираємося на останні роботи Марії Фюрст і Юргена Тринкса (...) «Філософія», де представлено досіві викладання філософії в австрійській гімназії; Керола Двека «Налаштовуйся на зміни»; Р. Флорида «Homo creatives. Як новий клас завойовує світ», в яких розглядається проблематика формування креативної особистості, здатної працювати в умовах інформаційного суспільства. Автор спирається на ряд робіт В.Нікітенко, М.Максименюк, О.Сосніна, О. Пунченка, в яких досліджуються креативні елементи інформаційного суспільства. Методи - аналізу і синтезу, системний, структурний, що дозволили проаналізувати і структурувати проблеми; аксіологічний, антропологічний, які дозволили проаналізовати особистість та її ціннісні орієнтації; синергетичний, що дав змогу проаналізувати інформаційне суспільство як складну нелінійну систему. Постановка завдання – аналіз проблематики буття як об’єкта викладання філософії в гімназії у контексті розвитку інформаційного суспільства, тобто питання про світ і суб’єкт. Мета статті – концептуалізація викладання філософії в гімназії у контексті розвитку інформаційного суспільства. Результати дослідження. Доведено, що своєрідність філософського мислення полягає у тому, що воно пов’язане з об’єктом, суб’єктом і з цілим, що охоплює їх обох. Виявлено, що в залежності від того, куди спрямований відповідний напрям мислення і що в ньому є ключовим моментом, на передній план висуває ставлення суб’єкта до самого себе. Розкрито умови формування інформаційного суспільства, яке вимагає формування інформаційно-креативної особистості, яка здатна жити і творити в даному виді суспільства, але для цього необхідно знайти свою власну сутність, власні структури і закони буття, що визначають її. (shrink)

Art is analyzed in relation to the socio?political crisis in Russia. Stress is placed on the role of art in the creation of new mythologies.

This paper places Leo Tolstoy’s often dismissed aesthetic treatise, What is Art?, in the context of the philosophical debate concerning aesthetic judgment. I examine Tolstoy’s argument for the very possibility of making aesthetic judgments, and suggest that his aesthetics proceed from an attempt to reconcile the subjective and the normative aspects of our aesthetic experience. Moreover, I show that Tolstoy, like Kant, seeks to preserve the autonomy of aesthetic judgment so that it may inform moral judgment. His polemics, his moralizing, (...) and his denunciations of the greatest works of Western culture have tended to obscure this fact. (shrink)

The article discusses the problem of the formation of philosophical prose in the Persian language. The first section presents a brief excursion into the history of philosophical prose in Persian and the stages of formation of modern Persian as a language of science and philosophy. In the Arab-Muslim philosophical tradition, representatives of various schools and trends contributed to the development of philosophical terminology in Farsi. The author dwells on the works of such philosophers as Ibn Sīnā, Nāṣir Khusraw, Naṣīr al-Dīn (...) al-Ṭūsī, Aḥmad al-Ghazālī, ʼAbū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī and gives an overview of their works written in Persian. The second section poses the question whether the Persian language proved able to compete with the Arabic language in the field of science. The author examines the style of philosophical prose in Farsi, considering the causes of creation of Persian-language philosophical texts and defining their target audience. The article presents viewpoints of modern orientalist researchers as well as the views of medieval philosophers who wrote in Persian. We find that most philosophical texts in Persian were written for a public who had little or no knowledge of the Arabic language, yet wanted to get acquainted with current philosophical and religious doctrines, albeit in an abbreviated format. The conclusion summarizes and presents two positions regarding the necessity of writing philosophical prose in Persian. According to one point of view, Persian-language philosophical works helped people who did not speak Arabic to get acquainted with the concepts and views of contemporary philosophy. According to an alternative view, there was no special need to compose philosophical texts in Persian, because the corpus of Arabic philosophical terminology had already been formed, and these Arabic terms were widely and successfully used, while the new Persian philosophical vocabulary was difficult to understand. (shrink)

The paper discusses Dostoevsky’s insight into the oxymoronic metaphysics of the Russian revolution. The keys to it are contained in two of Dostoevsky’s works. The first is Demons with Kirillov’s idea of self-deification in death intended to fill the gap left by the proclaimed absence of God. The second is Notes from the House of the Dead, where Dostoevsky depicts the Russian peasants as people for whom even such notions as freedom, happiness and honor are expressed in monetary terms. The (...) Russian revolution was created by people of Kirillov’s persuasion; yet this ideal was offered to people whose teleology was firmly rooted in the earthly life. The interpenetration of these worldviews resulted in the initial victory of the revolution, but the dominance of the peasant Weltanschauung with its earthly teleology ultimately led to the collapse of the communist project a few decades later. (shrink)

The article surveys various potential sources for Dostoevsky’s knowledge of the Faust legend, examines a range of arts, from literature to music, and focuses on the novel of Friedrich Maximilian Klinger as an important influence for Dostoevsky as the writer interacts with Faustian themes in The Brothers Karamazov on both literary and meta-literary levels. Klinger’s novel is considered in terms of the problems of epistemology and the limits of human cognition, problems rooted in finiteness as a defining characteristic of human (...) nature. In the literary worlds of Klinger and Dostoevsky, the attempts to establish limited human cognition as unlimited, essentially divine, and capable of grasping the entire picture of the existence of both the individual human being and humanity as a whole cause unforeseen and tragic consequences. The article treats the Faustian musical scene in The Adolescent as a variation on the relevant scene in Gounod’s Faust, exploring similar epistemological problems. The article claims that Dostoevsky grants his characters and readers the same degree of freedom in exploring the nature of their cognitive processes and in choosing the voice they decide to listen to and follow. (shrink)

The article examines the research of the innovative-oriented scenarios in modern methodology. The innovative-oriented epistemological instruments indicate an opposition between determinism and sociocultural constructivism. Methodology is understood in the context of the technology of activity which is projected onto the innovation sphere in the context of their genesis, adaptability, spread and consumption. The article conceptually analyses epistemological instruments; it considers positive and negative tendencies relating to NIBC technologies. The author claims that the modern image of the world includes the sum (...) of technologies which determine the world; the image of the possible future can be called “post-human.”. (shrink)

The article provides an insight into the interrelation between the worldview and personal meaningful orientations in the context of the modern digital era. The purpose of the article is to investigate the process of generating personal ontology with due regard to personal meaning-making, which involves considering three groups of issues. Firstly, attention is focused on understanding the complexity of the modern epoch against the background of the technological revolution and the effects of virtual imitation of reality, which may determine the (...) worldview. Secondly, an effective insight into life-meaning orientations involves reviewing methodological approaches. Thirdly, the article considers the basic paradigms of life choices including the pragmatic option for self-determination, retrospective reflection based on historical-philosophical inquiry, the paradigm of genetic determination of human behavior and decision-making, and an opposing existential paradigm, which identifies proper life orientations. The study refers to enactivism as a methodological tool, according to which, changes in external circumstances generated by the subject may effect the structure of semantic regulations. The authors come up with an innovative approach to investigating the ways in which the meanings of personal ontology are shaped in the context of complexity and virtualization of the modern world. The idea of the ambivalence of life-purpose relfection is justified. The authors come to a conclusion that structuring personal ontology depends on processing the main tendencies of the epoch in the domain of personal reflection, which is based on one’s inner world and connected with goal-setting and shaping one’s life-project. (shrink)

The German-Hungarian phenomenologist became one of the few philosophers at the beginning of the 21st century who analyzed the foundations of transcendentalism in terms of the continental tradition. As a philosopher working within the framework of the Cartesian attitude, he posed the same questions as other philosophers after Heidegger - is it possible an alternative to ontotheology, is metaphysics possible after the rejection of metaphysics? But his answer quite accurately reflects both the internal contradictions of phenomenology and the heuristic possibilities (...) of modern non-classical ontology. The purpose of this article is to analyze the idea of L. Tengelyi's metaphysical phenomenology as a methodological project, with an emphasis on the concept of infinity. His work “World and Infinity. Towards the Problem of Phenomenological Metaphysics ”concentrates in itself an analysis of both the prehistory and the prospects of the phenomenological method at the beginning of the 21st century regarding post-metaphysical thinking. (shrink)